Accuracy of the dental pulp sensibility test using cold spray for the diagnosis of pulp diseases: an observational clinical study

The dental pulp sensibility test is one of the main auxiliary resources for the diagnosis of pulp pathologies, and its accuracy is still debatable. This cross-sectional observational study evaluated the accuracy of the pulp sensibility test (PST) using cold spray (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) for the diagnosis of pulp diseases and determined the effect of individual and clinical variables on the reliability of this test. The paper was designed following the STROBE statement. Sixty patients with indications for primary endodontic treatment were selected and examined from August 2017 to July 2018. Data collection was performed through interviews, clinical/radiographic examinations and the PST. The results of the cold test, along with data on sex, age, the tooth type regarding the root number, and the presence of restorations and caries, as well as the recent consumption of analgesics, were recorded. The presence of bleeding within the pulp chamber was used as the gold standard to compare with the clinical diagnosis and to identify the true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative responses. The accuracy of PST achieved in subgroups of individual and clinical variables was compared using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). The PST with the use of cold spray showed a sensitivity of 0.88, a specificity of 1.00, a positive predictive value of 1.00, a negative predictive value of 0.86, and an accuracy of 0.93. The accuracy of the cold spray was not affected by individual or clinical variables. The PST with the use of cold spray is an accurate and reliable method for determining the diagnosis of pulp diseases, especially in cases of pulp vitality or irreversible pulpitis.

Toxicity and effect of whitening toothpastes on enamel surface

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and abrasivity of whitening and conventional toothpastes. Samples of conventional (non-whitening) - Edel White Infant (EWI) - and whitening toothpastes - Edel White Whitening (EWW), Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC), Colgate Total 12 Ò Professional (C), and Oral-B Whitening (OB) - were dissolved in culture medium (0.2 g sample weight per mL). Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture media that had been previously exposed to these toothpastes. Cytotoxicity was then assessed using the methyl tetrazolium test (MTT) and the cell survival rate was determined. Genotoxicity was assessed by the micronucleus test (MNT) and the number of micronuclei was determined before and after exposure to the toothpaste solutions. The enamel surface roughness was evaluated in specimens of bovine teeth (n = 10 per group) before and after 10,000 brushing cycles, using the investigated toothpastes. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). According to the MTT assay, EWW and OB presented significant cytotoxicity (p < 0.01), but no genotoxic (MNT) effects (p > 0.05). C toothpaste was statistically significantly abrasive to the enamel surface (p < 0.01). The findings of this study may be helpful for individualized selection of commercial toothpastes, as some whitening toothpastes present significant cytotoxicity and conventional toothpaste cause significant surface changes.

Assessment of carvacrol paste as endodontic medication associated with laser photobiomodulation in tissue repair: an experimental study in rats / Avaliação da pasta de carvacrol como medicação endodôntica associada à fotobiomodulação a laser no reparo: um estudo experimental em ratos

This study aimed to analyze the tissue reaction caused by carvacrol paste associated or not with laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) at λ660 nm in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into four groups and they received the following interventions: subcutaneous implantation of empty polyethylene tubes (CTR), implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste (CVC), implantation of empty tubes and LPBM (LLLT), and implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste and LPBM (CVCLT). The animals were euthanized at three, eight, and 15 days after surgery. The inflammatory reaction and fibroplasia were analyzed histomorphometrically. Significant differences among the groups were determined by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). In the 3-day period, the CVCLT group had low inflammatory infiltration (p<0.01). In the 8- and 15-day periods, the LLLT and CVCLT groups presented a low amount of lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Regarding the formation of fibrous tissue, the CVC group had the highest formation of type III collagen in the 8-day period (p<0.001). In the 15-day period, the CVCLT group had a lower formation of type I collagen than the CTR and LLLT groups (p<0.05). The use of the carvacrol paste associated with photobiomodulation optimizes the inflammatory period and tissue repair.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a reação tecidual causada pela pasta de carvacrol associada ou não à fotobiomodulação a laser (LPBM) a λ660 nm no tecido subcutâneo de ratos. Sessenta ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos e receberam as seguintes intervenções: implantação subcutânea de tubos de polietileno vazios (CTR); implantação de tubos contendo pasta de carvacrol (CVC); implantação de tubos vazios e LPBM (LLLT); implantação de tubos contendo pasta de carvacrol e LPBM (CVCLT). Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 03, 08 e 15 dias após a cirurgia. A reação inflamatória e a fibroplasia foram analisadas histologicamente. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos foram determinadas pelo teste ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). No período de três dias, o grupo CVCLT apresentou menor infiltração inflamatória (p<0,01). No período de 8 e 15 dias, os grupos LLLT e CVCLT apresentaram menor quantidade de infiltrado inflamatório linfocitário (p<0,01 e p<0,05). Em relação à formação de tecido fibroso, o grupo CVC apresentou maior formação de colágeno tipo III no período de 8 dias (p<0,001). No período de 15 dias, o grupo CVCLT apresentou menor formação de colágeno tipo I em relação aos grupos CTR e LLLT (p<0,05). O uso da pasta de carvacrol associado à fotobiomodulação a laser otimiza o período inflamatório e o reparo tecidual.

Clinical performance of whitening on devitalized teeth: a retrospective observational study / Desempenho clínico do clareamento em dentes desvitalizados: estudo observacional retrospectivo

Objective: This retrospective observational study evaluated the clinical performance of intracoronal whitening and correlated the main factors that interfere with its stability and patient satisfaction. Material and Methods: The paper was designed following the STROBE statement. Patients from the Institute of Science and Technology - ICT/UNESP database who underwent nonvital tooth whitening from August 2010 to July 2015 were selected. Data collection was performed by researching the institution records, patients interview, clinical and radiographic examination. Data were analyzed using MannWhitney test and Spearman's correlation (p < 0.05). Results: The initial search on 1275 records resulted in 43 patients, of whom 18 were selected according to eligibility criteria. There was positive correlation only between the degree of patient's satisfaction and the perception of color difference after whitening treatment (p < 0.05). Color relapse was observed in all conditions, independently of the period of followup (p > 0.05). There was no case of external cervical root resorption. Conclusion: Color changes after whitening influenced patient's satisfaction. There was no correlation among the color relapse and height of gutta-percha, return interval or cause of darkening (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo observacional retrospectivo avaliou o desempenho clínico do clareamento interno e correlacionou os principais fatores que interferem em sua estabilidade e satisfação do paciente. Material e Métodos: O artigo foi elaborado seguindo o STROBE. Pacientes do banco de dados do Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia ­ ICT/UNESP que foram submetidos ao clareamento dental em dentes desvitalizados entre agosto de 2010 e julho de 2015 foram selecionados. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de pesquisa em prontuários da instituição, entrevista com os pacientes, exames clínico e radiográfico. Os dados foram analisados usando o teste de Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman (p < 0,05). Resultados: A pesquisa inicial em 1275 registros resultou em 43 pacientes, dos quais 18 foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Houve correlação positiva apenas entre o grau de satisfação do paciente e a percepção da diferença de cor após o tratamento clareador (p < 0,05). A recidiva da cor foi observada em todas as condições, independentemente do tempo de acompanhamento (p > 0,05). Não houve nenhum caso de reabsorção cervical externa. Conclusão: As mudanças de cor após o clareamento influenciaram a satisfação do paciente. Não houve correlação entre a recidiva da cor e a altura do guta-percha, o intervalo de retorno ou a causa do escurecimento. (AU)

Microbial profile and endotoxin levels in primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the microbial profile and endotoxin levels of endodontic-periodontal lesions of periodontal origin. Periodontal and endodontic samples were taken from periodontal pockets and necrotic root canals of 10 teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. Evidencing of 40 different bacterial species were determined in each endodontic and periodontal sample using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method and Kinetic chromogenic LAL assay was used for quantification of endotoxins. Fisher's exact test correlated the bacterial species with the endodontic or periodontal microbiota. The endotoxin levels (EU/mL) found in samples of the root canal and periodontal pocket were compared by the Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). Bacteria and LPS units were found in 100% of the endodontic and periodontal samples. The species E. faecium, P. acnes, G. morbillorum, C. sputigena and L. buccalis were strongly correlated with the endodontic microbiota and P. nigrescens with the periodontal microbiota. P. intermedia, P. endodontalis and V. parvula were more prevalent in both endodontic and periodontal microbiots. The endotoxin levels in the periodontal pocket (89600 EU/mL) were significantly higher than in the root canal (2310 EU/mL). It was concluded that the microbiota present in the periodontal and endodontic tissues is similar, with a higher prevalence of species of the orange complex and a higher level of endotoxin in the periodontal pockets.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para investigar o perfil microbiano e os níveis de endotoxina de lesões endoperiodontais de origem periodontal. Amostras periodontais e endodônticas foram obtidas de bolsas periodontais e canais radiculares necróticos de 10 dentes com lesões endoperiodontais. A investigação de 40 espécies bacterianas diferentes foram determinadas em cada amostra endodôntica e periodontal usando o método de hibridização de DNA-DNA (checkerboard) e o ensaio cinético cromogênico LAL foi usado para quantificação de endotoxinas. O teste exato de Fisher correlacionou as espécies bacterianas com a microbiota endodôntica ou periodontal. Os níveis de endotoxina (EU/mL) encontrados nas amostras do canal radicular e na bolsa periodontal foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Bactérias e unidades de LPS foram encontradas em 100% das amostras endodônticas e periodontais. As espécies E. faecium, P. acnes, G. morbillorum, C. sputigena e L. buccalis foram fortemente correlacionadas com a microbiota endodôntica e P. nigrescens com a microbiota periodontal. P. intermedia, P. endodontalis e V. parvula foram mais prevalentes em ambas microbiotas endodôntica e periodontal. Os níveis de endotoxina na bolsa periodontal (89600 EU/mL) foram significativamente maiores do que no canal radicular (2310 EU/mL). Concluiu-se que a microbiota presente nos tecidos periodontal e endodôntico é semelhante, com maior prevalência de espécies do complexo laranja e maior nível de endotoxina nas bolsas periodontais.

Effect of two erosive protocols using acidic beverages on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to bovine enamel

Abstract Objective: To assess the short-term effect of two in vitro erosive challenge protocols on the bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets on bovine enamel. Methods: Sixty bovine incisors were selected and randomly divided into six groups: AS7 (artificial saliva - 7 days, Control Group); CC7 (Coca-Cola™ - 7 days); LJ7 (lime juice - 7 days); AS30 (artificial saliva - 30 days, Control Group); CC30 (Coca-Cola™ - 30 days); LJ30 (lime juice - 30 days). Microhardness testing was performed prior to the erosive challenge to verify the standardization of samples. Immersion was performed 4x/day for five minutes, for either 7 or 30 days. After immersions were concluded, the brackets were bonded and shear bond strength was assessed after 48 hours. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was also assessed. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-hoc and Student's t test for paired samples, and the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test (α = 5%). Results: The mean and standard deviation of microhardness testing of total samples were 281.89 ± 44.51 KHN. There was no statistically significant difference in shear bond strength for the time factor (7 or 30 days; F5.54= 0.105; p = 0.901). However, there was a statistically significant difference for the solution factor (F5.54= 6.671; p = 0.003). These differences occurred among solutions of Saliva x Coca-Cola™ (p = 0.003) and Coca-Cola™ x Lime Juice (p= 0.029). The assessment of the Adhesive Remnant Index showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusions: The immersion time used in the erosion protocols did not affect the bond strength of brackets to teeth. Coca-Cola™ induced significantly higher shear bond strength values than lime juice and artificial saliva. However, the short term effects of 7/30 days in this in vitro study may not be extrapolated for in vivo ones. Clinical studies should be conducted, substantiating the laboratory results.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de curto prazo de dois protocolos de desafio erosivo, in vitro, na resistência adesiva de braquetes ortodônticos metálicos em esmalte bovino. Métodos: Sessenta incisivos bovinos foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos: SA7 (saliva artificial - 7 dias, Grupo Controle); CC7 (Coca-Cola® - 7 dias); SL7 (suco de limão - 7 dias); SA30 (saliva artificial - 30 dias, Grupo Controle); CC30 (Coca-Cola® - 30 dias); SL30 (suco de limão - 30 dias). Foi realizado o teste de microdureza antes do desafio erosivo, para verificar a padronização das amostras. A imersão foi realizada quatro vezes ao dia, por cinco minutos, durante 7 ou 30 dias. Finalizadas as imersões, os braquetes foram colados e, após 48 horas, foi avaliada a resistência ao cisalhamento. O Índice de Adesivo Remanescente (IAR) também foi avaliado. Para análise dos dados, foram utilizados os testes ANOVA dois fatores, seguido do post-hoc de Tukey e teste t de Student para amostras pareadas, e o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis (α?#8197;= 5%). Resultados: a média e o desvio-padrão do teste de microdureza das amostras totais foi igual a 281,89 ± 44,51 KHN. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na resistência ao cisalhamento para o fator tempo (7 ou 30 dias; F5,54= 0,105; p= 0,901). Contudo, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para o fator solução (F5,54=6,671; p= 0,003). Essas diferenças ocorreram entre as soluções de Saliva x Coca-Cola® (p= 0,003) e Coca-Cola® x suco de limão (p= 0,029). Ao avaliar o Índice de Adesivo Remanescente, não foi possível verificar diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusões: o tempo de imersão utilizado nos protocolos de erosão não afetou a resistência de união dos braquetes aos dentes. A Coca-Cola® induziu valores de resistência ao cisalhamento significativamente mais altos do que o suco de limão e a saliva artificial. No entanto, os efeitos em curto prazo de 7 e 30 dias, nesse estudo in vitro, não podem ser extrapolados para os estudos in vivo. Estudos clínicos devem ser conduzidos, fundamentando os resultados laboratoriais.

Peri-implant assessment via cone beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiography: an ex vivo study

OBJECTIVES: This research evaluated detail registration in peri-implant bone using two different cone beam computer tomography systems and a digital periapical radiograph. METHODS: Three different image acquisition protocols were established for each cone beam computer tomography apparatus, and three clinical situations were simulated in an ex vivo fresh pig mandible: buccal bone defect, peri-implant bone defect, and bone contact. Data were subjected to two analyses: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analyses involved a comparison of real specimen measures using a digital caliper in three regions of the preserved buccal bone - A, B and E (control group) - to cone beam computer tomography images obtained with different protocols (kp1, kp2, kp3, ip1, ip2, and ip3). In the qualitative analyses, the ability to register peri-implant details via tomography and digital periapical radiography was verified, as indicated by twelve evaluators. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The quantitative assessment showed means statistically equal to those of the control group under the following conditions: buccal bone defect B and E with kp1 and ip1, peri-implant bone defect E with kp2 and kp3, and bone contact A with kp1, kp2, kp3, and ip2. Qualitatively, only bone contacts were significantly different among the assessments, and the p3 results differed from the p1 and p2 results. The other results were statistically equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The registration of peri-implant details was influenced by the image acquisition protocol, although metal artifacts were produced in all situations. The evaluators preferred the Kodak 9000 3D cone beam computer tomography in most cases. The evaluators identified buccal bone defects better with cone beam computer tomography and identified peri-implant bone defects better with digital periapical radiography.

Perception of caregivers on health and oral hygiene care of institutionalized impaired elderly / Percepción de cuidadores sobre salud y cuidados de higiene oral de ancianos discapacitados institucionalizados

This study assessed the perception of caregivers on oral health of institutionalized impaired elderly, and the care provided for them in oral hygiene and prosthetic rehabilitation. A descriptive observational study was developed with caregivers of 32 institutionalized impaired elderly, in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Data collection was performed by interviewing the caregivers, researching records of the Institution, and by clinical examination of the oral cavity of the elderly during a period between the months of March and May, 2013. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics of absolute frequency (n) and relative frequency (%). All of the elderly presented partial (50 %) or total (50 %) tooth losses, and only 28.1 % wore removable denture. The prosthetic devices and remaining teeth of the elderly were cleaned with only toothbrush and toothpaste (100 %), with different daily frequencies among caregivers and no dentist instruction. The majority of caregivers was satisfied with the oral hygiene of the elderly (75 %) and the oral hygiene method (96.9 %) used, and showed no interest in learning new methods (81.3 %). The caregivers have an inadequate perception on oral health of the elderly population investigated, and oral hygiene care provided to the elderly is precarious.

Este estudio analizó la percepción de cuidadores sobre la salud oral de ancianos discapacitados asilados y los cuidados entregados en la higienización oral y frente a la rehabilitación protética. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, por medio de entrevistas con los respectivos cuidadores de los 32 ancianos seleccionados, institucionalizados en el Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Todos los ancianos presentaban pérdidas dentales parciales (un 50 %) o totales (un 50 %) y solo el 28,1 % hacía uso de prótesis dentaria removible. Los aparatos protéticos y dientes remanecientes de los ancianos se higienizaban solo con cepillo y crema dental (un 100 %), con frecuencias diarias divergentes entre los cuidadores, sin la orientación de un dentista. La mayoría de los cuidadores se mostró satisfechos con la salud oral del anciano (un 75 %) y (un 96,9 %) con el método de higiene oral que utilizaban, y no expresaron interés en conocer nuevos métodos (un 81,3 %). Se concluyó que los cuidadores tienen una percepción inadecuada sobre la salud oral de la población de ancianos investigada y que los cuidados de higiene oral entregados a los ancianos son precarios.

Perception of laypersons and dentists regarding esthetic facial changes: a systematic review / Percepção estética de leigos e cirurgiões-dentistas em relação às alterações faciais: uma revisão sistemática

The need for greater understanding of subjective standards of beauty is important when combining a successful dental plan with the real needs of patients. This study aimed to perform a systematic review to assess whether dentists are more critical in assessing facial esthetics than laypersons. The cross-sectional studies selected compared dentists and laypersons regarding the perception of facial changes through photographs. The survey was conducted in four databases (PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and OpenGrey) with no restriction of time or language, and was assessed by two reviewers who were based on the PVO strategy. Then, a manual search through the references of the selected articles was performed in order to find surveys that did not fit in said search strategy. The examiners assessed the risk of bias and quality in individual studies. The process of data synthesis was performed through a descriptive analysis of the selected studies. Three relevant articles were selected from an initial total of 979 articles collected. Most studies found that dentists were more critical than laypersons; however, facial modifications were different. Only one survey manipulated the changes on a computer, while the others worked with changes on the patient. Given the methodological diversity of the studies, it was not possible to establish a parameter to validate the results presented.

A necessidade de uma maior compreensão dos padrões subjetivos da beleza é importante quando se combina um plano odontológico de sucesso com as necessidades reais dos pacientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática para avaliar se dentistas são mais exigentes na avaliação da estética facial do que os leigos. Os estudos transversais selecionados compararam dentistas e leigos em relação à percepção de alterações faciais através de fotografias. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro bases de dados (PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e OpenGrey), sem restrição de tempo ou de idioma, e foi realizada por dois revisores que utilizaram como referência a estratégia PVO. Em seguida, foi realizada uma busca manual através das referências dos artigos selecionados, a fim de encontrar pesquisas que não se encaixavam na referida estratégia de busca. Os examinadores avaliaram o risco de viés e qualidade nos estudos individuais. O processo de síntese dos dados foi realizado através de uma análise descritiva dos estudos selecionados. Três artigos relevantes foram selecionados de um total inicial de 979 artigos coletados. A maioria dos estudos revelou que os dentistas eram mais críticos do que os leigos; no entanto, as modificações faciais eram diferentes. Apenas uma pesquisa manipulou as alterações em um computador, enquanto as outras trabalharam com mudanças no paciente. Diante da diversidade metodológica dos estudos, não foi possível estabelecer um parâmetro para validação dos resultados apresentados.

Assessment of intracanal medications cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblast cells / Avaliação da citotoxicidade de medicamentos intracanais em fibroblastos L929

This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of intracanal medications on L929 fibroblast cells at different periods of observation. The following experimental groups were studied: calcium hydroxide with camphorated paramonochlorophenol and glycerin (CPG); iodoform with glycerin (IG); calcium hydroxide with iodoform and distilled water (CIW); iodoform with distilled water (IW); calcium hydroxide with distilled water (CW); Otosporin ® (OT); and a control group composed of cells and culture medium. Eluates were prepared from each group and placed in contact with 1 x 105 cells/well for periods of 30 minutes, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, 5 and 7 days. After each experimental period, a cytotoxicity test was performed using methyltetrazolium (MTT) and a spectrophotometer at an optical density of 570 nm to analyze cell viability. The ANOVA and Tukey test with a significance level of 5% was used to analyze the data. At 30 minutes and at 12 hours, all groups were equal to the control group. At 24 hours, there was greater cytotoxicity in the IG group than in the control group (P<0.001). At 48 hours, only the OT group was cytotoxic (P <0.001). At 72 hours and at 5 days, the most cytotoxic groups were CW and OT. At 7 days, the IW and CPG groups were the least cytotoxic (P <0.001). With respect to experimental time, significant differences between 24 hours and 7 days were observed in all groups. Otosporin® was the most cytotoxic medication, followed by calcium hydroxide with distilled water.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a citotoxicidade de medicações intracanais em células L929 de fibroblastos em diferentes períodos de observação. Os seguintes grupos experimentais foram estudados: hidróxido de cálcio com paramonoclorofenol canforado e glicerina (CPG); iodofórmio com glicerina (IG); hidróxido de cálcio com iodofórmio e água destilada (CIW); iodofórmio com água destilada (IW); hidróxido de cálcio com água destilada (CW); Otosporin® (OT); e um grupo controle composto por células e meio de cultura. Os eluatos foram preparados a partir de cada grupo e colocados em contato com 1 x 105 células/poço, por períodos de 30 minutos, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas, 5 e 7 dias. Depois de cada período experimental, um teste de citotoxicidade foi realizado utilizando metiltetrazólio (MTT) e um espectrofotômetro a uma densidade óptica de 570 nm para analisar a viabilidade celular. A análise de variância e o teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5% foi utilizado para analisar os dados. Em 30 minutos e em 12 horas, todos os grupos foram iguais ao grupo controle. Em 24 horas, houve uma maior citotoxicidade no grupo IG do que no grupo controle (P<0,001). Em 48 horas, apenas o grupo OT foi citotóxico (P<0,001). Em 72 horas e em 5 dias, os grupos mais citotóxicos foram CW e OT. Aos 7 dias, os grupos IW e CPG foram os menos citotóxicos (P<0,001). Com relação ao tempo experimental, foram observadas diferenças significativas entre 24 horas e 7 dias em todos os grupos. Conclusão: Otosporin® foi o medicamento mais citotóxico, seguido de hidróxido de cálcio com água destilada.

Effect of laser therapy on the inflammatory response induced by endodontic medications implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats / Efeito da laserterapia na resposta inflamatória induzida por medicamentos endodônticos implantados em tecido subcutâneo de ratos

Introduction: Endodontic medications contain toxic components that cause varying degrees of inflammation. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of laser therapy on the inflammatory response induced by intracanal medications implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats using a quantitative analysis of mast cells. Material and Method: Polyethylene tubes containing the medications were implanted in the dorsum of 60 rats divided into six groups, including HS (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste), HL (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste and laser therapy), HPS (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste with camphorated paramonochlorophenol), HPL (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste with camphorated paramonochlorophenol and laser therapy), IS (iodoform with saline) and IL (iodoform with saline and laser therapy). The animals were euthanized eight or fifteen days after surgery, and samples were removed and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections were stained with 0.2% toluidine blue for the quantification of mast cells. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test were applied to determine significant differences in the number of mast cells between groups (p<0.05). Result: There was a decrease in mast cells for the HL, HPL and IL groups when compared with the HS, HPS and IS groups at both time points. There was no statistically significant difference between the HPS and HPL groups at the eight-day time point. Conclusion: Laser therapy was effective at modulating the inflammatory response induced by endodontic medications by significantly reducing the number of mast cells. .

Introdução: Medicamentos endodônticos apresentam componentes tóxicos que provocam algum grau de reação inflamatória. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da laserterapia na resposta inflamatória causada por medicações intracanais, em tecido subcutâneo de ratos, por meio da análise quantitativa de mastócitos. Material e Método: Tubos de polietileno contendo as medicações foram implantados no dorso de 60 ratos, distribuídos em seis grupos: HS (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A.); HL (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. e laserterapia); HPS (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. com paramonoclorofenol canforado); HPL (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. com paramonoclorofenol canforado e laserterapia); IS (iodofórmio e soro fisiológico) e IL (iodofórmio, soro fisiológico e laserterapia). Os animais foram eutanasiados oito e quinze dias após a cirurgia, as peças cirúrgicas foram removidas, processadas para inclusão em parafina e os cortes histológicos corados em Azul de Toluidina 0.2%, para quantificação dos mastócitos. A análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey post hoc foram aplicados para determinar diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto ao número de mastócitos (p<0.05). Resultado: Nos grupos HL, HPL e IL houve uma diminuição de mastócitos em ambos os períodos experimentais em relação aos grupos HS, HPS e IS, porém não se observou diferença estatística significativa entre o grupo HPS e o HPL aos oito dias. Conclusão: A laserterapia foi eficaz em modular a intensidade da resposta inflamatória induzida pelos medicamentos endodônticos a partir da redução significativa na quantidade de mastócitos. .